What Morse Code Is
Morse code is a way to send messages using short signals and long signals instead of spoken words. These signals are commonly called dots and dashes.
Morse code does not require electricity, phones, or radios. It can be sent using light, sound, or movement, which makes it one of the most reliable emergency communication methods ever created.
You do not need to memorize everything to use Morse code effectively. Even knowing a small set of signals can help you ask for help or send critical information.
The Basics: Dots, Dashes, and Timing
Dot
A short signal
Think: quick tap or flash
Dash
A long signal
Think: hold it about three times longer than a dot
Spacing Rules
-
Space between dots and dashes in the same letter: short pause
-
Space between letters: slightly longer pause
-
Space between words: longer pause
You do not need perfect timing. Consistency matters more than precision.
Morse Code Alphabet (Letters)
| Letter | Morse Code |
|---|---|
| A | ·– |
| B | –··· |
| C | –·–· |
| D | –·· |
| E | · |
| F | ··–· |
| G | ––· |
| H | ···· |
| I | ·· |
| J | ·––– |
| K | –·– |
| L | ·–·· |
| M | –– |
| N | –· |
| O | ––– |
| P | ·––· |
| Q | ––·– |
| R | ·–· |
| S | ··· |
| T | – |
| U | ··– |
| V | ···– |
| W | ·–– |
| X | –··– |
| Y | –·–– |
| Z | ––·· |
Morse Code Numbers
| Number | Morse Code |
|---|---|
| 0 | ––––– |
| 1 | ·–––– |
| 2 | ··––– |
| 3 | ···–– |
| 4 | ····– |
| 5 | ····· |
| 6 | –···· |
| 7 | ––··· |
| 8 | –––·· |
| 9 | ––––· |
Common Morse Code Signals Everyone Should Know
SOS (Emergency Signal)
··· ––– ···
This is the most famous Morse signal.
It means distress or emergency.
You do not need to spell “help.”
SOS is universally recognized.
OK
––– –·–
Means “I am safe” or “message received.”
YES
– · ·
NO
–· –––
HELP
···· · ·–·· ·––·
Longer than SOS, but still useful when time allows.
How to Ask for Help Using Morse Code
If you are in trouble, keep it simple.
Best Emergency Options
-
SOS
-
HELP
-
SOS HELP
Repeat the message slowly and clearly.
If possible, pause and listen for a response.
How to Send Morse Code
You can send Morse code with anything that can be turned on and off.
Sending Morse Code With Light
Examples:
-
Flashlight
-
Headlamp
-
Phone flashlight
-
Signal mirror
-
Vehicle headlights
How:
-
Short flash = dot
-
Long flash = dash
This works well at night or long distances.
Sending Morse Code With Sound
Examples:
-
Whistle
-
Horn
-
Banging metal
-
Tapping on pipes or walls
How:
-
Short sound = dot
-
Long sound = dash
This is excellent for confined spaces or low visibility.
Sending Morse Code With Movement
Examples:
-
Waving arms
-
Raising and lowering an object
-
Flag or cloth movement
How:
-
Quick movement = dot
-
Longer movement = dash
This is slower but still effective.
Sending Morse Code With Fire or Smoke
Examples:
-
Covering and uncovering a fire
-
Smoke puffs during the day
Use this only when safe to do so.
How to Receive Morse Code
Receiving Morse code is about pattern recognition, not memorization.
Step 1: Identify Dots and Dashes
Listen or watch carefully.
Ask yourself:
-
Was that short or long?
Step 2: Separate Letters
Notice the pauses.
Short pause = same letter
Longer pause = new letter
Step 3: Translate One Letter at a Time
Do not rush.
Even experienced users decode slowly under stress.
Step 4: Write It Down If Possible
Writing dots and dashes helps reduce mistakes.
Beginner Tips for Learning Morse Code
-
Start with SOS, E, T, S, O, A
-
Practice sending before receiving
-
Use consistent timing
-
Do not worry about speed
-
Accuracy matters more than fast signaling
Things That Work Best for Beginners
-
Flashlights
-
Whistles
-
Tapping on solid surfaces
-
Printed reference cards
Morse code is much easier when you have a quick reference.
Why Morse Code Is Still Relevant
-
Works without power
-
Works without cell service
-
Works across distance
-
Works when speaking is impossible
-
Universally recognized
It is one of the few skills that still works when everything else fails.
Why This Is a Perfect Skill to Carry Physically
Phones die.
Batteries fail.
Stress makes memory unreliable.
That’s why Morse code is ideal for a waterproof, pocket-sized reference you can carry with you.
→ Learn how to send and receive Morse code with our Tip Card
Learn More Skills in the Grimoire
If you want to keep building skills beyond Morse code, the Grim Workshop Grimoire is our complete skill and tool index. It brings together all of our survival, EDC, bushcraft, repair, signaling, and emergency guides in one organized place, so you can learn at your own pace and find exactly what you need when it matters. Every guide is written to be beginner-friendly, practical, and grounded in real-world use.
→ Explore the Grim Workshop Grimoire Skill Guide Index
We also offer hundreds of other waterproof Tip Cards covering survival, first aid, repair, navigation, fire starting, fishing, trapping, and more.
→ Browse All Grim Workshop Tip Cards
FAQ
Q: Do I need to memorize the entire Morse alphabet?
A: No. Knowing SOS and a few letters is enough for most emergencies. If your not confident our plastic, waterproof tip card referenced above gives you a wallet friendly pocket reference for Morse code.
Q: How fast do I need to send Morse code?
A: Slow and clear is best. Speed is not important.
Q: Can Morse code be used internationally?
A: Yes. Morse code is universal.
Q: Is Morse code still monitored?
A: Yes. Many emergency responders recognize it.
Q: What is the easiest way to send Morse code?
A: A flashlight or whistle.
Q: Can kids learn Morse code?
A: Yes. It is pattern-based and easy to teach.
Q: Does Morse code require special tools?
A: No. Anything that turns on and off works.
Q: How long does it take to learn Morse code basics?
A: Less than an hour for emergency-level use.
